DOC'S CORNER

Now that we are seeing Spring weather breaking through, with the warmer temperatures will come more sunshine (we hope) which will increase our exposure to the sun’s pleasant but potentially damaging rays.

Skin cancer is actually the most common cancer throughout the world.  While some skin cancers are relatively mild, if caught early, they can progress to cause serious bodily and potential organ damage if left undiagnosed.  The most aggressive form of skin cancer is outright deadly.

The three main types of skin cancer are:

Basal Cell - These cancers appear as small bumpy or crusty lesions, also sometimes described as “pearly” which may occasionally bleed or become very red and irritated. The lesions are mostly seen on the scalp, upper facial areas, nose and upper back. Treatment consists of either chemical or surgical removal. If caught early there is little chance of serious health damage or metastasis.

Squamous Cell - These cancers are more mole-like in appearance but can also become crusty and inflamed.  As with Basal cell, they can be common on almost all sun exposed areas, particularly the face. There is a form of pre-cancerous Squamous Cell called Actinic Keratosis which becomes more common with age and is prominent on the ears, face and scalp.  As with Basal Cell, Squamous can be treated with chemical methods or excisional surgeries.  Early diagnosis is also the key to eradication of this cancer.

Malignant Melanoma - This is the most serious and life-threatening type of skin cancer.  While it can show up in sun-exposed areas, it may also be found in more discreet areas throughout the body.  The lesion usually appears as very dark black blue or brown moles and can be raised or flat.  They are generally very irregular and can also change in appearance with time.  These cancers need immediate medical attention and deep excision with frequent follow ups to prevent spread.

Prevention of skin cancers includes avoiding peak sun exposure times (10AM-4PM), wearing at least 30 spf sunscreen during the daylight hours and wearing protective clothing, especially in bright sunny weather.  Individuals who are fair skinned and lighter shades of hair color are at the most risk, however, anyone can get skin cancers.

Signs or symptoms should prompt an immediate visit to the family doctor and possible dermatology referral to prevent worsening of these common cancers.

Perry S. Williams, MD